Economic development in bahrain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Economic development in bahrain - Essay Example Her population is 1.05 million with birth rate of 18 per 1000, death rate 4 per 1000, life expectancy is 74.7 years, birth rate is 2.6 children per woman, and literacy rate is 86.5 percent. It is mainly a Islamic country with 81.2 percent Muslims with ethnic groups like 62.4 percent Bahraini, 37.6 percent non-Bahraini, 9 percent Christian and 9.8 percent others (Bahrain, n.d.) Bahrain also known as al-Ihsa (Arabic) is a coastal town bounded by the Pursian Gulf on the east with Iraq above and Oman below is famous for its pearls (Nadwi, 1936, p.24). The history of this Arabian country finds it roots back in 2300 B.C. The land of Bahrain was the hub of ancient civilization of Dilmun, a pronominal trading center at that time connecting the civilization of Sumeria in Mesopotamia with the Indus Valley in India. After the degeneration of the civilization of Dilmun in 600 B.C., the most phenomenal incident which took place there was the overtaking of Bahrainian rule by the Carmathians (half-muslim, half -Magians) during the Muslim age and they established this place as their central political arena. The Carmathians were dethroned by the Sunni rulers in 976 and developed a powerful Muslim rule there. The pearl treasure of Bahrain became an immense attraction for the foreign invaders and plunderers as a consequence of which many foreign rulers ruled this place for a significant time period like during the 13th and 14th century the Mongols ruled there who were dethroned from their powers by Portuguese invasion in 1521 who ruled for about a century and then taken over by Bahranian rule which was followed by Omanian rule for some time then for a certain period of time the Persians ruled who were defeated by Al Khalifa clan invasion in 1783. Although the Al Khalifans were removed by the sultanate of Oman for some time they regained power in 1811. On the other hand the colonial expansion of Great Britain imparted its focus toward

Coffee and Starbucks Corporation Essay Example for Free

Coffee and Starbucks Corporation Essay Acknowledgements: First and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude to our faculty Ms. Nusrat Huq for her constant support and motivation, and we would also like to thank her for assigning a topic to our group that has been quite interesting to work with. We are immensely grateful to our friends and AIUB alumni who have been kind enough to share their knowledge with us. Last but not the least, our sincere gratitude goes to our respected families for their guidance and contribution in all aspects of our lives. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Among many other global coffee shops, Starbucks is the most popular. This article discusses the company’s internal and external environments, its corporate strategies, organization structures, how they can improve their quality, and where there is room for success.In 1971, three young entrepreneurs began the Starbucks Corporation in Seattle Washington. Their key goal was to sell whole coffee beans. Soon after, Starbucks began experiencing huge growth, opening five stores all of which had roasting facilities, sold coffee beans and room for local restaurants. In 1987, Howard Schultz bought Starbucks from its original owners for $4 million after expanding Starbucks by opening three coffee bars. These coffee bars were based on an idea that was originally proposed to the owner who recruited him into the corporation as manager of retail and marketing. Overall, Schultz strategy for Starbucks was to grow slow. Starbucks went on to suffer financial losses and overhead operating expenses rose as Starbucks continued its slow expansion process. Despite the initial financial troubles, Starbucks went on to expand to 870 stores by 1996. Sales increased 84%, which brought the corporation out of debt. With the growing success, Starbucks planned to open 2000 stores by year 2000.

Honor Roles In Medieval Society Essay -- essays research papers

The Poem of the Cid is a story of a hero based in medieval Spain. During this time period much of everyday living was distinguished by honor roles. Throughout this paper I will write roles honor played in this society, and the effect it had on the expectations of men and women in medieval society. I will end with ways in bringing dishonor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cid was an ideal Lord. He was generous to his followers, showed them respect, and took acceptance of their council. He was loyal almost to a fault. He brought honor to himself by giving honor to his Lord, King Alfonso. Alfonso who was the opposite of the Cid, he did not know how to let his vassals bring him honor. The King often believed the enemies of the Cid therefore not trusting him. Enemies misled the King, which later dealt the banishment of the Cid. After he was banished from his home never did he hire himself to the Moors as a mercenary. The Cid continued to gain much territory and many riches for the king who exiled him, King Alfonso. In doing this he hoped to regain the acceptance of his king.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cid brought honor to himself and his king by winning in battle. A measurement of honor could be assembled on the number of victories along with the â€Å"booty† that had been collected. An example of this is shown in the battle against Count Ramon. After accomplishing this victory The Cid gained possession of Colada, a sword worth many marks in silver. Written on page 75, â€Å"T...

Utilizing Leadership and Communication in Management

Communication and effective leadership are widely considered to be the major challenges facing managers in the 20th century in their respective workplace. It is crucial in any management scenario for an effective leader to be a fluent, competent and expert communicator. In essence, this can be applied to all leadership scenarios whether it is organisational, recreational or even military based. If not utilised properly, the situation of a manager who is lacking key communication qualities can easily lead to the downfall of the organisation.It therefore gives credence to the idea that a successful organisation is one who utilises the methods of upright leadership and effective communication in their internal and external management. The process of communication is defined as â€Å"an interpersonal process of sending and receiving symbols with messages attached to them† (Schermerhorn 2011, p. 457). This in a practical sense is the ability to convey a person’s verbal or no n-verbal messages to achieve an understanding of what they require (Brown & Cliquet 2008).This can be in the form of verbal conversation stating tasks that a person is required to do or in the non-verbal form which is usually in the system of body language to emphasise certain verbal directions. In terms of a business organisation, the manager must be effective in their communication otherwise their directions will be lost to either the employee, stakeholders or even the customers (Schermerhorn, 2011). This would lead to the fact that manager’s passing of information is only successful when they are actively telling the employee in regards to a task that they have to undertake.This can be in the form of active listening sessions or improving the means of communication. This can be through improving communication techniques in technology or closing barriers which are hindering effective communication (Schermerhorn 2011 p. 460 – 467). This theory must be applied to many businesses and organisations around the world because without the necessary effective communication, information cannot be passed on therefore leading to a stagnation of possibly crucial material (Bratton et. l, 2007). Senior Professor at the University of Auckland Peter Boxall suggests that in regards to communication with human resources across transnational corporations that: â€Å"[Communication] is the attempt to build ‘constructive’ relationships with trade unions†¦broad ranging discussion are held with extensive information provided to the unions on a whole range of discussions. Emphasis is also placed on techniques designed to enhance individual employee commitment to the firm† (Boxall, 1995 p. 6-57). This quote suggests that to maintain a successful relationship between transnational trade unions, you must have apt communication from the executives to the workers otherwise the flow of material will become stagnant and the information will not be pas sed (Boxall, 1995). An example poor communication can be attributed to Michelle Smeby’s case study of a fortune 100 company named Holistic Change Ltd.They had neglected to tell the stakeholders of potential changes in the information technology section of the workplace which would vastly improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the workplace (Schermerhorn 2011), (Smeby 2011). Holistic Change Ltd. could have handled the situation better if they had planned the change; including informing the stakeholders so they could make a formative assessment on whether it would be beneficial to the company (Smeby 2011).It proved to be a hindrance to the company which led to a reduction to their share price. This was due to the shareholders not possessing a full access of all the information that the company was retaining leading to an uncertainty of future projections and profits (Smeby 2011). Many businesses fail to implement effective communication techniques due to the fact that the training initiatives and education could become very expensive and is usually regarded an unimportant part of the daily management of a company (Bratton, 2007).This does not just apply from the managers to the employees of an organisation, but it also applies with the organisations communication skills with the customer (Peterson, 2006 p. 36). It is stating that it is necessary in an organisation without proper communication with the customers, it will unable to either sell its goods or services. The ‘Business Source Complete’ journal article reflections are identical to the statements regarding the importance of effective communication with customer by suggesting that in the approach of seeking ew customers, the organisation has to undertake four key tactics. These include media relations, speaking opportunities, media partnerships and special events (Weber & Chadwick, 2004). Because the organisation is actively seeking out ways to express their company through methods of communication, it will most likely succeed in the objective of gaining new customers to improve revenue (Business Source Complete, 2004). This therefore gives credence to the fact that effective communication is necessary in the success of an organisation.In response to effective communication with to employees, it is crucial to apply with the effective and efficient communication skills which are stated by Schermerhorn as â€Å"the intended meaning of the source and the perceived meaning of the receiver are identical [which] occurs at minimum cost† (Schermerhorn 2011, p. 458). This therefore leads on to suggest that effective communication is derived from profound leadership due to the fact that if someone in a position of power can effectively delegate tasks they must be able to motivate, leading and be able to reduce the barriers of effective communication.Leadership is defined by Schermerhorn (2011) as the process of arousing enthusiasm and directing efforts towards o rganisational goals. Therefore, without proper communication skills, a manager will not be able to convey their instructions and therefore, makes the development of a leader stagnant. Claire Oldfield states her journal article that â€Å"[Leadership] unites people, develops opportunities and, crucially in these difficult times, ensures survival† (Oldfield C 2008, p. 69).This suggests that it is not only a way of future monetary successes, but a way to ensure that the organisation will survive during turbulent financial times (Oldfield 2008). Chadwick (2006) in ‘Leadership in Business Development’ states that â€Å"Successful business development leaders have a passion for their mission, and it generally shows in almost everything they do. By their positive attitude, intellectual quickness and exemplary work ethic, they inspire and lead the folks around them† (Chadwick 2006, p. 1) This shows that a leader must show some inspiration to the team in order for them to perform the tasks well.If the leader is able to communicate their vision in such a way that the employee’s will commit their resources into achieving an idealic solution for the manager, this will result in effective and efficient leadership (Schermerhorn 2011, p. 340). It also suggests that a leader must have the mental capacity to be able to inspire through motivation due to the fact that they are striving for the same result as the employee. Gage (2008) states in his journal article that the necessary leadership is one which strives on the use of reward and legitimate power (Gage 2008, p. ) (Schermerhorn 2011, p. 341). Schermerhorn (2011) defines reward power as â€Å"the capacity to offer something of value as a way of influencing them†. This is a practical sense is the ability to make an employee work to the managers standards by the use of offering an incentive (Schermerhorn 2011). This can be in the form of offering them an award or a salary bonus. Scher merhorn (2011) defines the use of legitimate power as the â€Å"capacity to influence other people by virtue of formal authority, or rights of office† (Schermerhorn 2011, p. 341).If the manager was able to exert his power by utilising these methods, there is no doubt that the workers of the organisation will work more effectively and efficiently because of the incentive which is offered for their services. There is evidence to suggest that leadership is helpful in any management scenario, but Peter Boxall states that â€Å"It takes strong executive leadership to bring about positive patterns of employment relations. In the end, it is the senior leadership of companies that should be responsible for the quality of employment relations† (Boxall 1995 p. 303).This quote by management professor Peter Boxall gives credence to the fact that it is necessary that without proper leadership, there will be no guidance for the rest of the team concluding to an inability to perform the tasks which are needed (Boxall 1995, p. 303). This will only hinder the process of management and can possibly lead to the termination of the organisation (Schermerhorn, 2011). In conclusion, communication and effective leadership considered to be the major challenges facing managers in the 20thcentury. It is crucial in any management scenario for an effective leader to be a fluent, competent and expert communicator.In essence, this can be applied to all leadership scenarios, but if not utilised properly can easily lead to the downfall of the organisation. A manager needs to also be a motivator through their leadership and communication skills because this is proven to the most effective way of getting the most efficient results from the employees. It therefore gives credence to the idea that a successful organisation is one who utilises the ideas of leadership and communication in their internal and external management effectively. Reference ListBoxall, P 1997, ‘The Chall enge of Human Resource Management’, Longman Paul Ltd. , Auckland, NZ Bratton, J & Gold, J 2007, ‘Human Resource Management Theory and Practice’, Palgrave Macmillanm New York, NY Brown, R & Cliquet F 2008, ‘Communication of Business Process Models’, BP Trends, Vol. 10, No. 9, accessed 3 October 2011, Business Source Complete Chadwick, S 2006, ‘Leadership in Business Development’, Printing Impressions, Vol. 49, No. 5, p. 114-115, accessed 3 October 2011, Business Source Complete Oldfield, C 2008, ‘Leadership’, Director. co. uk, Vol. 62, No. 4, p. 9, accessed 3 October 2011, Business Source Complete Peterson, K 2004, ‘Effective Communication promotes Business’, Kitchen and Bath Design News, Vol. 16, No. 12, accessed 3 October, Business Source Complete Ritchie, M 2008, ‘Leadership for Business’, Manitoba Business, Vol. 30, No. 1, p. 5, accessed 3 October 2011, Business Source Complete Schermerhorn et. a l 2011, ‘Management’, John Wiley & Sons, Milton, QLD Weber & Chadwick Hong Kong 2004, ‘Product & Promotion – Marketing Communications: Business’, Media, Vol. 62, No. 21, accessed 3 October, Business Source Complete

Colonization and its Impacts

In addition to this the first wave was caused by the lust for gold, glory, and mercantilism. The second wave had the desire to secure sources of raw materials and to educate and save the native people. The colonization of Africa happened between the 1 ass's and 1 ass's. African societies put up forms of resistance to fight against the attempt to colonize their countries. In despite of the fight, most of Africa had been colonized by European powers. When the European imperialist pushed into Africa it was titivated by three main factors which were social, political, and economic.Africans were used by the Europeans as a source of salves, raw materials, and riches. The imposition of colonialism on Africa would alter its history forever. There modes of thought, and ways of life were impacted by the change. Prior to the â€Å"scramble for Africa,† their economies were advancing in every area, mostly in the area of trade. The colonizing of Africa was to exploit the physical, human, a nd economic resources of an area that would benefit the longing nation. Before the colonization, Africa was not economically isolated from the rest of the world.The African states engaged in international trade and the West Africa had specifically developed extensive trading systems. After Livingston opened African the Western missionaries moved in by the thousands. Benefits of the missionaries being involved were hospitals, colleges, schools, development projects, abolition of slavery, and improved agricultural methods. With all these benefits you would think it was he best thing that has ever happened, but with all these benefits it came with a cost.European colonialism brought many things to Africa to include rails and roads but it also cut brought conflicts in the societies today. When the rails and roads were put up, it cut the African continent up into several administrative units. In doing this it created a drag on its development but with everything going on in Africa the ma in conflicts cannot be blamed on colonialism. The African leaders and their greed to satisfy their riches, their ironies and their families is what puts an impact and conflicts in the world today.

Zero Inflation Essays - Inflation, Monetary Policy, Free Essays

Zero Inflation Essays - Inflation, Monetary Policy, Free Essays Zero Inflation Introduction Hyper inflation has plagued most of the worlds developing countries over the past decades. Countries in the industrialised world, too, have at times duelled with dangerously high inflation rates in the post WWII era. With varying degrees of success, all have employed great efforts to bring their inflation rates within acceptable limits. Generally, a moderate rate of inflation has been the ultimate goal. More recently, however, a few countries have pursued policies that strive to eradicate inflation altogether through complete price stability. This has proven to be a contentious enterprise, which clearly indicates that there is still no universally accepted solution to the inflation problem. Indeed, there is not even an agreed consensus regarding the source of inflation itself. The monetarist perception that the root of inflation is solely the excessive creation of money remains. So too does the belief that inflation originates in the labour market. And amongst a variety of others, th e opinion that inflation serves the critical social purpose of resolving incompatible demands by different groups is also strong. This last, and more widely accepted, case shows that the problem is hardly a technical one; but rather a political one. It highlights the now unquestionable fact that politics and inflation are inextricably linked. And as with all inherently political issues, consensus is difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. But, political characteristics do provide flexibility. In some countries, high rates of inflation have clearly been compatible with rapid economic growth and fast rising standards of living. In such cases, it is quite reasonable to suggest that higher rates of inflation are acceptableperhaps even necessary. In this setting, it is by no means clear that pursing a policy to stop moderate inflation is either required, or in the best interests of the mass of the population at all. While inflation guarantees that some will gain at the expense of others, the redistributions of income and wealth which do take place can, on normal value grounds, be quite desirable. In other circumstances, it may be quite desirable to place strict controls on inflation, or strive to keep it at zero level. Policies aimed at virtual price stability have been in use by central banks in Europe, New Zealand, and Canada over the past few years. Such policies have been particularly focused in Canada. As noted by Pierre Fortin, the only objective the Bank of Canada has pursued since 1989 has been to establish and maintain the inflation rate at zero level, which it sees as a CPI inflation rate that is clearly below two percent (italic added). To the surprise of many, it has been incredibly successful, achieving its objective several years before schedule. Although separated by only a few percentage points, Canadas policy is a sharp contrast to the moderate and balanced approach used in the U.S. Since 1989 the Federal Reserve has been satisfied with achieving an inflation rate of around 3 percent. In setting the interest rate, it has continued to pay explicit attention to real economic growth and employment, with the result that the U.S. unemployment rate is currently in the 5 to 6 percent range. Based on this statistic alone, it can be argued that the more moderate U.S. approach has enjoyed greater success than the deflation oriented policy pursued by the Bank of Canada: Canada continues to be burdened with a higher rate of unemployment. Yet, it continues to believe that the unemployment costs of low inflation are transitory and small . The directors of most European Central Banks also continue to support this dogma. Clearly, the credibility of the classical idea that the Phillips trade off between inflation and unemployment disappear s in the long run is still very high throughout the world. But, in Canada, as in most of Europe, the waiting continues. This is not to suggest that the waiting game has been silent and entirely pleasant. Indeed, the relative lack (or lag!) of success of zero inflation policies and strict price controls has spurred much heated debate. As a case in point, more people are curious why Canada has exclusively focused on inflation cutting and turned a blind eye to the more balanced, and arguably more successful, approach adopted by the U.S.. Is

Not mine Essays

Not mine Essays Not mine Essay Not mine Essay Record some examples of connotative diction from the first two paragraphs of the chapter. What is the effect of this diction on the reader How does Douglass experience with Mrs.. Laud show the corruptive influence of slavery on the slaveholder Explain, here, the style of teaching in the Columbian Orator that helped Douglass to improve his reading. What was the moral that he gained from the book Comment on Douglass mental state as he reads and thinks about this book on pegs. 1-52. Douglass writes that he eavesdropped on other peoples conversations and soon The light broke in upon me by degrees. What does he mean Look on page 53-54. Write concrete support here. What does the author want you, the reader, to think about him in this chapter What else does he learn to do in this chapter How does he do it Dialectical Journal for Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, chapter 8 Note Taking summary of chapter 8. Note Making Write a short Give the chapter a title. Why does Douglass begin the chapter with such specific information about his masters family Find evidence, erectly stated on page 58, that Why does Douglass use a series of coordinated supports his major claim about slavery. (paired) nouns to present this evidence What is the effect on the reader On page 59, Douglass contrasts his feelings about being sold with those of the other slaves. Record quoted evidence here. Why do you think he added this commentary Douglass lament over the treatment of his grandmother is possibly the most emotionally portion of the bookie examples of diction and phrases that reveal his anger. Pages 61-63) Comment on Douglass sax. N. Y intelligence when he leaves Baltimore for SST. Michaels. How old is he at this point in the book Dialectical Journal for Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Chapter 9 Note Making Write a short summary of chapter 9 chapter 9 and write it here (five or six sentences) Think of a title for (this is like a main idea) Give s ome text examples (quotes) of the indignities that Douglass suffered when he went to live with Thomas Laud. What was the character flaw in Thomas Laud Comment here on the qualities necessary for a leader, that made him especially depraved even a slaveholder, to earn respect from their subjects or slaves. How did his finding religion make him even Think off level 3 question about this. Have you read or worse studied any thing else that showed this phenomenon to be true Douglass names many Methodist preachers who were like Thomas Laud. What purpose is served by this and Why does he include an exception, Mr.. Conman Comment on Douglass use of religion in this chapter. Is his tone negative toward religion How does he use it in this chapter to illustrate his main theme Dialectical Journal for Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, chapter 10 Note Making Write a short summary of chapter 10 Think of a title for chapter 10 and write it here (five or six sentences) (this is like a main idea) Give some partial quotes that describe Covey. Consider how Coveys behavior with his slaves What was his forte further supports Douglass main theme. In other words, how could Covey hinder his own success as a farmer On pages 83-84, Douglass writes an apostrophe, that is, a speaking out of the story to someone or something that isnt there. Write partial quotes here to record who he is speaking to. Consider why he does this. Is there any change in his mood after this lament Find the antithesis on page 84 that truly divides the chapter, and write it here. What happens in the narrative after this point What is Douglass epiphany (92-93) How is Christmas especially sad for the slaves Why do you think Douglass uses this bridge or connection between his experience with Covey and his life with his new master, Mr.. Freehand Dialectical Journal for Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, chapter 10, continued Note Making Write the quote on page 99 in which Douglass characterizes the religion of the south. Do you think he is anti-religious Why or why not Why do oh think Douglass feels it is important to include the names and behaviors of religious people in his narrative, especially in this chapter Find a quote on page 101 that has several parallels and some alliteration, too. Write it out here. Why does Douglass structure this information with such rhythm and emphasis What purpose does the passage on his Sabbath school serve in this chapter Do you think Mr.. Freehand is a real character On pages 120-121, how did Douglass experience with Covey prepare him for his Job as a ship builder at Fells What event at the happier actually turns his Point rough experience there too positive result On page 125, find the quote that illustrates Douglass revelation about the contented slave. The end of this chapter might help you see hydraulics was not sold after his first escape attempt. How did he avoid this fate Dialectical Journal for Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, chapter 1 1 Making Write a short summary of chapter 1 1 11 and write it here (five or six sentences) Note Think of a title for chapter Why is Douglass critical of the underground railroad Record evidence here that shows Douglass experience with Mr.. Covey to be useful in Douglass confrontation with Hugh Laud Why is Douglass description of his escape so brief Ironically, how did Douglass experience as a slave in the southern shipyards aid him once he was free Record the observation that most astonished Douglass when he arrived north. What did he expect Why do you think Douglass includes an anecdote about traitors who were former slaves How does Douglass become involved in the abolitionist movement the Life of Frederick Douglass, Appendix Dialectical Journal for Narrative of Note Making Write a short summary of the appendix he appendix and write it here (five or six sentences) idea) What motivated Douglass to write this appendix (this is like a main Find three hyphenated epithets on page 150 that seriously indict religious southerners. Is he successful in his purpose for this appendix Find several examples of loaded biblical How would you describe the tone of this paragraph diction in the first paragraph of page 154. What is the parody that concludes the book Other than to criticize southern Christians, what purpose is served by including this hymn Think of something that isnt stated outright, but implied simply by including this satire.

The Meaning and Origin of Morales

The Meaning and Origin of Morales Surnames can tell us a lot about our family and where they came from. In some languages, surnames reference families occupations or kinship with other families. Sometimes surnames can even point to the particular town or region of a country that a family hails from. Finding out what your name means and where it originates from can be a fun start to exploring your genealogy. You can start here with the name Morales which is a very common among Hispanic people. The common Hispanic Morales surname has several possible derivations: A topographical surname was given to someone who lived near a mulberry or blackberry bush, from mora,  meaning mulberry or blackberry. The es ending indicates a patronymic surname, so more specifically the name Morales means son of Moral, or son of someone who lived near a mulberry or blackberry tree.A name used to indicate someone from Morales, the name of several Spanish towns. While Morales is the 94th most common surname in the United States and the 16th most common Hispanic surname. The name originates from Spanish but is also common in Portuguese as well.   Alternate surname spellings of this common name are Moralez, Moral, Moreira, Mora, and Morais. Where Do People With the Morales Surname Live? According to WorldNames publicprofiler, individuals with the Morales surname are most commonly found living in Spain and Argentina. In Spain, the surname is most prevalent in the Canary Islands. In Argentina, the surname is most common in the Cuyo region. However, people with this surname can live anywhere in the world.   Famous People with the Surname Morales Erik Morales - professional American boxerEsai Morales - American TV and film starLeo Morales - holds the world record for  deep-diving  with a disabilityEvo Morales -  Bolivias first Indian president Genealogy Resources for the Surname Morales 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Morales Family DNA ProjectThe Morales Family Project currently has 38 members working together to find common heritage through sharing of genealogical information and DNA testing. Anyone with a variant spelling of the Morales surname is also welcome to join. Morales Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Morales surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Morales query. FamilySearch - MORALES GenealogyExplore over 3.4 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees for individuals with the Morales surname and its variations, including census records, vital records, military records, church records, and more. MORALES Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Morales surname. Search the archives  or post a question about your own Morales family research. DistantCousin.com - MORALES Genealogy Family HistoryExplore a variety of free databases and genealogy links for the last name Morales.

Active Shape Modelling compared to Hip Morphometry in the prediction Thesis

Active Shape Modelling compared to Hip Morphometry in the prediction of Hip fracture - Thesis Example It involves pain, stiffness and and swelling and most commonly effects knee, hips and hand (Lawrence et al., 2008). Despite being one of the oldest known diesases, the etiology of the disease is still obscure. Earlier believed to be a disease of the articular cartilage of the synovial joint of the effected tissue, it has now been proposed that generalized OA is a systemic musculoskeletal disorder with a metabolic component (Aspden, 2008), changes in other tissues being secondary; subchondral bone responding to abnormal biomechanics and other tissues to secondary inflammation and enforced inactivity. Hip is one of the weight bearing joints and is at heavy risk of wear and tear. In aged people it is at a high risk of fracture due to decline in the structural strength of bone tissues of the proximal femoral ends resulting from osteoclastic and osteocytic resorption (Chai et al., 1998). Study of association of OA and fracture has suggested increased risk of fracture in individuals with hip OA is mostly likely due to mechanical and locomotor factors (Arden et al., 1996). Aging again is the most consistent risk factor for OA in both men and women effecting the composition and structure of cartilage (Arokoski et al., 2007), the other major risk factors for the OA of the hip are physical loading related to heavy manual work and permanent damage as result of any musculoskeletal injury (Juhakoski et al., 2009), while obesity seems to have a moderate positive association with hip OA (Liu et al., 2007). In cases of hip joint damage due to either of these factors total hip replacement (THR) is an option wherein the diseased cartilage and bone of the joint is replaced by artificial material. However there are risks factors in THR such as deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, infection, hip dislocation, hip implant loosening, nerve injury etc. To study the various aspects of OA, osteoporosis, fractures etc, a retrospective case-control study was

The outcomes of Turning Kuwait into a tourism country Research Paper

The outcomes of Turning Kuwait into a tourism country - Research Paper Example In short the, impact of developing Kuwait’s tourism industry has been explained in detail in this report. Kuwait is sovereign state place in the middle of the Arabian Peninsula, constituting in western Asia. The country is bordered by Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Iraq. The name â€Å"Kuwait† means the fortress built near water. It comprises of total of 6889 sq miles and houses a population of about 3.5 million people (PACA). Like all developed countries of the world Kuwait also tries to enhance its image to the outside world to enhance an image of the place to be visited as a recreation, not only business. As it an established fact that the prime source of income for the Kuwaiti government is the oil sector, there are various other sectors the governments is looking into with n angle of revenue generation. Tourism is one such department in which the Kuwaiti government has taken interest lately. The report discusses the prime targets that are set for the tourism industry, its benefits and downsides that come along with any sort of urban or cultural development. This report in detai l also discusses the area which will enhance tourism, including places already present and those which can be developed along with proper marketing to induce the world travelers to home in their travel destinations in this part of the world. The Tourism is simply explained as the traveling which is done for pleasure or fun. Many people all around the world travel to different destinations across the world to see places and monuments of their choice and personal liking. Personal likes may include structures of sculptural beauty, attractive spots of nature and so on. Hence we can find a number of tourists at all time in all countries of the world, even space is being converted into a tourist destination which is not even in this world, for those who can afford it. The travels of the foreign tourist bring a lot of money to the countries where they travel. Hence, tourism

Human resources and conflict management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human resources and conflict management - Essay Example Theoretical knowledge is extremely important in identifying the needs of the people and organization as well as the nature of the conflicts. My father has an appliance repair business and around 35 employees are working in our business. These employees are working in various departments such as servicing or maintenance, pickup and delivery, customer care, billing, sales etc. Moreover, people from different cultures are different nationalities are also working in our business. This paper analyses how human resource management and conflict management concepts I learned from my classes can be effectively applied in our business as well as in personal life. â€Å"Equal opportunity employment refers to the approach of the employers to ensure the practice of being fair and impartial in the employment process†(Equal employment opportunity, 2007). In my organization, we are keen to avoid cases of any kind of employment discrimination. We normally respect merit rather than the colour of skin or gender differences while recruiting and promoting employees. At the time of recruitment of employees, we value the academic achievements, technical skills, communication abilities decision making abilities and problem solving skills of the candidates rather than the culture, race, skin colour or gender of the candidates. â€Å"Employee benefits are all forms of consideration given by an enterprise in exchange for service rendered by employees†(Employee benefits, n.d., p.165). It can be divided into two categories; short term benefits and post- employment benefits. Wages, salaries, incentives, etc come under short term benefits whereas benefits given at the time of retirement or after the retirement are labeled as post-employment benefits. We have arranged a contributory pension plan for all the employees working in our organization. We deduct 10% from the basic salaries of each employee and deposit 20% (10% from employee salary +10% from our account) in the name of

My leadership capability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

My leadership capability - Essay Example One of these drives is the drive to bond, which refers to the organization’s promotion of a culture of collaboration and openness between leaders and subordinates. For one thing, openness is a characteristic that takes into account the uniqueness or diversity of the people involved in the activity. In addition, my strengths rely on the emphasis given to the members of the organization -- that is, the subordinates. In the normative paradigm, the role of the leader in a particular organization is to structure the activities and relationships (as cited in Ledlow & Coppola, 2001). As opposed to the power-centered leadership, my conception of a leader depends on the ability or skill to fulfill the needs or drives of his or her subordinates. This implies that to achieve the leader’s defined goal, he or she has to first meet the drives of the organization members; the objective of the organization is equatable to the objective (i.e., needs) of the people who comprise the organ ization. On the other hand, my weaknesses largely lie in the absence of transparency between leaders and subordinates.This implies that members of the organization are willing to compromise transparency or clarity of a sense of direction; trusting too much to the leader in particular and the organization in general, subordinates do not seek an understanding of the reasons for pursuing specific decision made by the organization or leader. In essence, it follows the paradigm of Rauch and Behling pertaining to the notion and praxis of leadership.... s noteworthy that Yukl’s paradigm of leadership emphasizes on the power (i.e., influence) of the leader rather than the trait of nurturing and supporting the abilities, skills, and inventiveness of his or her subordinates. Basically, the process of arriving at the leadership criteria or paradigm is done through the results, and eventually their analyses, in answering the Finding Potential Engage Questionnaire. Such questionnaire consists of five general categories and fourteen core areas of engagement and commitment. Of the elements that constitute the five broad categories are the job, the people, the transaction, the organization, and the environment. And of few examples for the core areas of engagement are ethical standards and job satisfaction. After filling up the said questionnaire, the outcomes are thoroughly analyzed in defining the term â€Å"leadership.† Moreover, the analyses focus more on two relevant types of scale marked in the Engage Questionnaire: very i mportant and important. The underlying reason why these two types of scale are chosen in determining the paradigm of leadership is because they signify on what is more important to the individual who is interpreting such term (i.e., leader); what is moderately or marginally important is not equally important or very important in defining a particular signifier. Yukl rightly contends that there are numerous definitions for the term â€Å"leadership† (as cited in Ledlow & Coppola, 2001). Amidst the many paradigms of the signifier â€Å"leader,† one has to decide on what specific definition he or she wants to assign for such signifier. Of course, choosing among the many and varied definitions essentially requires a theoretical framework. In this case, Schein’s paradigm is heavily employed in determining

Militarism and Perpetual Peace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 5

Militarism and Perpetual Peace - Research Paper Example Militarism implies the allergic missions or many revolutions. It has the important and early manifestations of the life of most social orders. Class considerations would be necessary. Armament plays an important role in social struggles. Poor socio-economic status does not prevent a nation from securing arms. Economic evolution runs parallel with the development of arms (Liebeknecht, 2007). The expenditure on the making of the arms is growing higher due to the sophistication of weapons used. When the production of arms is universal, the manufacture of the guns has been accordingly changed. History has shown the significance in the power of the Greeks, Romans where the hierarchy was completely military. The influence of the external political situation on militarism was especially evident in the German Wars of Liberation (Liebeknecht, 2007). Militarism has been recognized as a significant factor in policy making since the nineteenth century (Meszaros, 2007). The evolution of modern imperialism was becoming evident on a global scale. The British and the French were having vast empires at that period of time and the United States were beginning invasions in Latin America. The Philippines was also involved in a liberations process assisted by the Americans. The First and the Second World Wars were caused by the ambitious Bismarck and Hitler who were running after more than what they could handle. The calamities were caused by the selfish intentions of two individuals and the techniques of using militarism for political solutions. What could have been solved by the deep-seated thinking without resorting to militarism was mishandled by the militaristic Viewpoints (Meszaros, 2007). The scale of issues became wide and the discussion was based on the militaristic power rather than the actual issues. There were horrific wars in the 12th century and the pattern continued into the form of the World Wars.  Ã‚  

My leadership capability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

My leadership capability - Essay Example One of these drives is the drive to bond, which refers to the organization’s promotion of a culture of collaboration and openness between leaders and subordinates. For one thing, openness is a characteristic that takes into account the uniqueness or diversity of the people involved in the activity. In addition, my strengths rely on the emphasis given to the members of the organization -- that is, the subordinates. In the normative paradigm, the role of the leader in a particular organization is to structure the activities and relationships (as cited in Ledlow & Coppola, 2001). As opposed to the power-centered leadership, my conception of a leader depends on the ability or skill to fulfill the needs or drives of his or her subordinates. This implies that to achieve the leader’s defined goal, he or she has to first meet the drives of the organization members; the objective of the organization is equatable to the objective (i.e., needs) of the people who comprise the organ ization. On the other hand, my weaknesses largely lie in the absence of transparency between leaders and subordinates.This implies that members of the organization are willing to compromise transparency or clarity of a sense of direction; trusting too much to the leader in particular and the organization in general, subordinates do not seek an understanding of the reasons for pursuing specific decision made by the organization or leader. In essence, it follows the paradigm of Rauch and Behling pertaining to the notion and praxis of leadership.... s noteworthy that Yukl’s paradigm of leadership emphasizes on the power (i.e., influence) of the leader rather than the trait of nurturing and supporting the abilities, skills, and inventiveness of his or her subordinates. Basically, the process of arriving at the leadership criteria or paradigm is done through the results, and eventually their analyses, in answering the Finding Potential Engage Questionnaire. Such questionnaire consists of five general categories and fourteen core areas of engagement and commitment. Of the elements that constitute the five broad categories are the job, the people, the transaction, the organization, and the environment. And of few examples for the core areas of engagement are ethical standards and job satisfaction. After filling up the said questionnaire, the outcomes are thoroughly analyzed in defining the term â€Å"leadership.† Moreover, the analyses focus more on two relevant types of scale marked in the Engage Questionnaire: very i mportant and important. The underlying reason why these two types of scale are chosen in determining the paradigm of leadership is because they signify on what is more important to the individual who is interpreting such term (i.e., leader); what is moderately or marginally important is not equally important or very important in defining a particular signifier. Yukl rightly contends that there are numerous definitions for the term â€Å"leadership† (as cited in Ledlow & Coppola, 2001). Amidst the many paradigms of the signifier â€Å"leader,† one has to decide on what specific definition he or she wants to assign for such signifier. Of course, choosing among the many and varied definitions essentially requires a theoretical framework. In this case, Schein’s paradigm is heavily employed in determining

Medicare social insurance program in the US Essay

Medicare social insurance program in the US - Essay Example As a result, no savings on their behalf, and an increase in poverty levels. It is important to denote that insurance companies are always reluctant to offer insurance cover to the aged, the disabled, and other people suffering from chronic diseases. This is because they are viewed as high risk areas, and as such, the insurance company might suffer extensive losses through payments of premiums. On this basis therefore, medicare addresses this problem, through the pooling of resources whereby almost every American citizen pays for the program through the payroll taxes. By critically analyzing the market, this is the main aim that the federal government initiated the program, as such, there aren’t any other observable market inefficiencies that this program seeks to address. In regard to the paternalistic argument for the government involvement in this market, it is important to denote that the constitution provides to a right in affordable health care to all Americans. On this b asis, the government will only seek to carry out its functions in providing for people covered under medicare. This in turn will improve their health status, leading to the evolution of health individuals/ people. To determine if the program is successful or not, policy makers need to carry out surveys, asking the targets groups on whether they are benefitting from the programs or not. This people can provide this information, by identifying the various challenges that they are passing through, and how medical institutions are helping them overcame these challenges. There is also a need to carry out a research in the health institutions for purposes of identifying the effectiveness of the policy under... This paper critically evaluates the efficiency of the Medicare social insurance program and attempts to find economically viable alternative to Medicare. As for now, federal insurance contributions act provides the sources of financing this program. It allows the federal government to draw approximately 2.9% of the payroll taxes levied on workers and employers. Other sources of funding emanates from the premiums generated from people who have enrolled for medicare, and the general fund revenue of the federal government. The development of this policy has a number of economic arguments. Medicare helps to provide insurance against the costs that emanate from receiving health care. It is important to denote that the costs of accessing health care are what drive the Medicare program costs. There has been an increase in the cost of health, it is this increases that make the Medicare program expensive. If the government reduces these increases in the costs of accessing health care, then it is highly possible that the cost of running the medicare program will be low. The government manages to effectively implement this policy because of its availability of financial resources; as a result, there is a decrease in private health care insurers. An aspect referred to as crowd out. It can be denoted that because there isn’t enough competition for provision of this services, them the quality of health care provided might be compromised It is proposed to change the medicare system from a policy run by the government to private insurers

Career Research Essay Essay Example for Free

Career Research Essay Essay Psychology is the study of the human brain, its functions and its behavioral affects to us as humans. This field or specific job always has fascinated me as a child and now as a teenager it still does. Being a psychologist would suit me because it’s an overall interesting field and career path. It is a time consuming, intense and impacted course but as a professional job it meets my standards and requirement. It has good pay, comfortable job place and it is a steady career that is more than useful in just that field with that you are also able to create your own business and grow off your own knowledge and expand as an entrepreneur. Being a professional job and with its extensive education it has a good pay. To be a psychologist you have to obtain a PhD or a doctor of psychology Pys.D. Working for both is a bit costly and may increase student loan debt and other debts one may have. Now to be qualified and licensed you must have either of the degrees, pass the national exam and then sign up to be licensure in state you want to begin practicing. That’s when the whole career changes. Cause now you are able to do what you love and a bonus: paycheck. â€Å"According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics . . . earned between $48,700 and $82,800. . .† (Cherry) that would be the estimated earning of a classified psychologist. With job sometimes paycheck may be unstable and pay may either go down or up but usually after the 5-10 years in the field the income pay may increase. It is also up to put in extra hours or to do part-time if psychologist is willing to give in extra time for patients and clients. I belie ve in the first years it may be difficult because now the debt and loans are being paid off with the first pay checks but later on it will pay off to give a good retirement plan. Also psychologists don’t depend on the government unless you plan on being an industrial organizational psychologist. But if in case a situation so terrible would occur and it would cause instability within field it wouldn’t be hard to find another job that requires the same knowledge because with a PhD you can pretty much move onto other fields, that may or may not pay as well as the actual psychologist get paid but it may pay enough to be considered livable and be classified as middle class. Psychologist career isn’t a government either so you can’t be considered to be a civil servant but some near qualifying jobs that may involve the government may be collaborations with FBI or criminal justice. To become a psychologist it is easy to get a job and establish one but if planning to move out of the state and still want to be practicing the career licensing might be problem. Every state has different requirements and qualifications for the job so you might need to take the national exam a couple of times you plan on moving constantly. Working conditions for a psychologist is a really comfortable and accommodating. Most psychologist are usually self-employed mainly the offices are suited to personal desire and also fit to de-stress patients, mainly a neutral-toned environment to help relieve stress but it all depends on psychologist tastes and practices. Other workplaces may include â€Å"clinics, hospitals, rehabilitation facilities, community and mental health centers† (Bureau of Labor†¦). Or if you want to be a research psychologist working place would mainly be at universities or colleges. As well the working schedule is mainly accommodated around patients and cli ents. It is mainly really flexible depending if you are self-employed or if you work with an employer. Usually the hours are business hours. Since job depends if you are self-employed or employed a day or years may differ. Some days may be short and fast because some patients may be busy on day session or can’t see you on the appointment given. Or you may have a patient who just passed though something on an unexpected day and they may want to set up an unplanned appointment. Also, taking in consideration dates of vacations, holidays and weekends. It all depends on dedication and loyalty psychologist is willing to give for a patients and clients. Something I am willing to give time to help clients at time of need. Psychology is a growing study within colleges today and has been growing for the last few years. Now it is a competitive and impacted field and it is a bit harder to enter the field. To become a psychologist you need to aim for a doctorate (Ph.D.) or a doctor in psychology (Psy.D.). To get proper certification you need to take; year-long internships, pre-doctorate or post-doctorate supervised experience to have what it takes to become certified and licensed. Mainly in this field you don’t have promotions or you don’t have supervisors because once you are fully certified you are your own boss. With this you don’t have to gain other knowledge other than knowledge obtained. You may be able to conduct studies and researches to gain more knowledge to study in depth clients and patients situations more in depth. Some important qualities to have in mind while entering career are â€Å"analytical skills, observational skills, communication skills, patience, people skill s, problem-solving skills and trustworthiness† (Bureau of Labor†¦) skills I have making psychology a perfect, suitable career for me to embrace and consider. With psychology being an extensive career that takes time and dedication and of course the most intense classes in my opinion the study is really interesting. Psychologists mainly study the mental process and the human behaviors by observing, interpreting, and recording how people and humans react to one another in an environment. With patients and clients they want to understand and explain: emotions, feelings, thoughts and behaviors in which they seem to be troubled. In this career a lot of paper work is dealt with. You have to gather information, analyze, and take notes of patients or clients. They have to also make treatment plans and diagnose them with disorders, establish them in asylums or mental institutes or may also refer you to family therapists and/or personalized therapists and counselors. Mainly a psychologist â€Å"they help mentally and emotionally distressed clients adjust to life. . .† (Health Care Salary. . .) something I am willing to do. Even though the job is fun and exciting it also has its own emotional factors into the role played as psychologist. This career may â€Å"depress your emotions for the most part because you are mainly dealing with people who have been through a lot† (Gomez). You may also have to deal with people of all ages so it all may be emotional draining and it may depress your spirits but as a professional one must remain calm and try not to show emotions because you have to be the strongest to help your patient out of whatever mental state they may be in. A regular session may either take place in your own office or in a special room where your patient feels comfortable to unwind and de-stress. It may also take place if your patient is in a clinical institute or under supervision. So all situations are taken into consideration. With this so more reasons psychology and being a psychologist really interests me is the fact if I already have acquired knowledge and this no longer entertains me I am able to move on to another job with the knowledge I have obtained. This field is so diverse with the knowledge obtains mean while or on the pursuit to getting a doctorate. Also if I decided to stay in the job I don’t have to be employed I can also be self-employed and expand my career from there too. The jobs that branch off of the same psychological field are; anthropologist, mental health counselors, market research analysis and these are just a few of the different jobs that branch of it and it is very diverse and something new is obviously in store with this great career if you barely drift off for a bit. With this field you are able to win a lot of rewarding positions. Also it is said that this field is one of the ten to be growing and it’s expected to be a impacted intense career later on in the future. â€Å"Employment of psychologists is expected to grow about as fast as the average† (Psychology Ph.D. . .). This is what’s expected for a few years to come. Career is not at all vigorous nor does it include health so anyone is capable of pursuing this job and career because all that is asked of career is the ability to use reasoning and analyze. Technology also won’t be a problem with in job because a computer or a smart-phone won’t be able to replace this career since technology isn’t so advanced to accurately treat, diagnose and observe an individual. As well all qualities and skills learned in this career can also be recycled to be used in other jobs and positions. This leads to many different job opportunities. If you are an entrepreneur that has soaring high ambitions this road would be perfect to take advantage of the many and multiple opportunities given. With a Pys.D. at hand you are also capable of getting jobs maybe at a higher government position like in government facilities or at a U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs and some of Federal Agencies which may be swung by the economy but as governments job it may have some good civil servant and benefits. But it is mainly possible and more likely to be self-employed. Also jobs as a self-employed employee provide more flexible hours around your own schedule. I believe the psychologist job would suit me well because it is a very broad career that can help me grow as an individual and also help me develop a more successful career. It is also a very interesting study to partake in. even though it may be becoming more than impacted, intensive and competitive it has so many opportunities to offer. The pay for the job is splendid. It is an honest pay for such a fun, interesting career. All the qualities necessary for the job I already have. I just need the education and the proper training and I’m pretty sure I’d be a good psychologist. Within the job you can potentially grow with colleagues that want to pursue the same career and you can be potentially business owners and make a company. This job would also be the perfect fit because I enjoy helping others with their life and emotional health. Also doing research to get to the bottom of whatever is the problem. If I am able to help and save them from themselves then why not. If I am able capable of making them feel better then why not? Since this career is mainly focused around research, analysis, and observation the career is almost to perfect. As well the fact that I am able to recycle my own knowledge to create and start my own business. With this job there are incredible amounts of opportunities that cannot be put down.

Employee motivation special reference to mcdonalds

Employee motivation special reference to mcdonalds Since past few decades significance efforts have been made to improve the workers efficiency and effectiveness and in order to achieve this jobs structure have been made flexible. Some people have regret the loss of regular working pattern and the others are enjoying and taking the advantage of the flexible working hours (Prospect; 2008). The flexible working pattern has become very popular in many organisations and has contributed a lot in the employees life style in positive way. McDonalds The aim of the research is to find the role of flexible working hours in employees motivation. The organisation chosen to conduct the research is McDonalds UK Corporation. McDonalds is fast food service retailing chain of 30,000 restaurants famous for burgers and chips and is operating in 119 countries globally. Most of the restaurants are franchised. The company also operates under the name of The Boston market in US and has head quarters in US Oak Brook and employees more than 450,000 employees. The company had turnover of more than 20,000 million USD in 2009. (Data Monitor 2009) 1.2.1 McDonalds Employees In UK, McDonalds employs more than 50,000 people (not including franchisees staff) of which 57% staffs are male and 43% of staff is female and 66% of the hourly paid staff is aged between 16 and 20 years and 90% of staff are work for about 35 hours per week. Training of the staff is compulsory prior to start the job and is considered of great importance in the development of the employees. Flexible working practices give this opportunity to staff to fulfil their commitments with the family or education. Most of the managers in McDonald have started as hourly-paid and half of the companys middle and senior managers moved up from restaurant based positions. 2.1 RESEARCH AIM The aim of the research is to identify the role of flexible working in the employees motivation. The research has following objectives and questions. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of flexible working times in employee loyalty and satisfaction. To analyze the effect of flexible working on employees motivation and performance. To examine the benefits and limitations of adopting flexible working within the company To explore the flexible working practices currently followed by McDonalds To suggest recommendations to McDonalds to improve the flexible working arrangements to enhance the employees performance. RESEARCH QUESTIONS The proposed research questions are: What does flexible working means? How flexible working is being practiced in McDonalds? How McDonalds can improve retention rate through FWP? What have been the benefits and limitations of adopting the flexible working practices for McDonalds? LITERATURE REVIEW Literature review provides the foundation of the research on which result is built (Saunders; 2007). Theoretical concept and models described by the Harvard Framework of HRM and concept of Flexibility, Employee Loyalty, Cultural issues and Employee Retention will be reviewed in the literature study. Guests Theory of HRM Guest describes policies in strategic integration which ensure human resource management is integrated: first employees commitment to improve their performance through their behaviour, second flexibility ensuring flexible organization structure, third high quality service because of flexible working hours (Guest;1989). The concept of human resource management is to approach best practices which are acceptable universally. (Torrington: 2008) Flexibility Flexibility the term is being used in wide range of forms in organizations. For example internal flexibility shift of workers between different departments in an organization to benefit from their multi-skills. As an external flexibility hiring or subcontracting employees as per requirement. (Huws; 1999) Employee Loyalty A research of 3500 American workers investigates the relationship among work and life policies, informal support and employee loyalty over the life course. Flexible working practices have consistent and positive effects on the employees loyalty. (SpringerLink; 2004) Theories of Flexible Working Culture has deep effect on individuals and organizations in their life. Four types of cultural styles which are individual Culture (people work for themselves to live with basic needs or luxuries), Task Culture, Role Culture (Clearly defined roles are set out within a hierarchical structure) and Club Culture (Like-minded people loosely grouped around a charismatic leader). He describes the flexible working in the context of the cultural values of the individuals and organizations. (Handy; 1988) Employment Flexibility Pinfield and Atkinson (1998) present four approaches to increase employment flexibility to achieve competitive advantage. These are as follows: 1. Time flexibility. 2. Functional flexibility. 3. Distancing flexibility 4. Financial or Pay flexibility. The Flexible Firm A model for flexible firm in which it is divides its labour force into a core of permanent workers performing the key task and temporary workers to complete daily tasks. The temporary staffs protect the core group from change in demand in the labour market and reduce the labour cost and promote flexibility in the organisation. (Atkinson and Meager, 1986; Pollert, 1988; Hakim, 1987) (Keizer; 2008) Flexible working arrangements can play a valuable role in organizational performance Flexible working is beneficial in the interest of both employees and employers. Adopting the flexible working practices has identified significant reduction in staff sickness, absence, and turnover levels, employees retention, motivation. On the organization side it has enhanced the organization overall image. Employees can also choose their work-patterns to make a work-life balance. (CIPD; 2008) Employee Retention Employers can retain their staff most effectively. This retention is not because of the high payment but the highest level of reward by offering them other benefits such as flexible working hours. He says that employees can be retained if the organization offers job security, flexible working arrangements and career development opportunities (Taylor; 2002). RESERCH METHODOLOGY There are three approaches to research methodology Research approach Research strategy Data collection methods Research approach There are two types of approaches; deductive and inductive. In deductive approach the researcher tests and proves or disproves number of propositions and in the inductive approach the researcher would collect data and develop a theory as a result of analyzing the data. The approach for my study is both deductive and inductive. Research strategy The most commonly research strategies used are collecting data from number of organizations or a large group of respondents in order to explore the issues largely in the present to develop a theory or a case study to explore the issues both at present and in the past of an organization to proof the point and propose recommendations. I will be surveying one organization and will bring the facts of the past and present to light in the context of flexible working hours. (Jankowicz;1995) SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION Secondary data analysis is the analysis of data collected by another researcher or organization in order to discuss or explore an issue (Hakim; 1989). Secondary data can helps to define the research problems and can develop an approach, it is easy and quicker to access mostly through universitys library facilities as this data already been collected and published. This data can be collected in short space of time and it is cost effective. For this research work I will be using the journals, books, library resources and online databases such as Ebsco to collect the data. 4.1.2 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION Primary data is normally regarded as being data which is collected by the original researcher who is using the data for further investigation (Oliver; 2002 p.14). In this research, I am intending to collect the data from both questionnaires and interviews to obtain the information about the employees attitude, behaviour and opinion about McDonalds and also the impact of flexible working practices within McDonalds. For this research it is appropriate to use both techniques for data collection. Qualitative Research Qualitative data refers to all non-numeric data or data that have not been quantified and can be a product of all research strategies. It can range from a short list of responses to open-ended questions and in-depth interviews (Saunders; 2007). In this research qualitative data will be collected by conducting interviews of the managers and the workers at McDonald. Five to seven people will be interviewed and they will be situational and snow balling technique will be practiced. Quantitative Research In this research, I will use the questionnaire in order to collect the primary data. I will use structured questionnaire in which each person is asked to respond to the same set of questions in a predetermined order. The structured questionnaire will be given to the employees working at McDonalds to get their point of view on how the companys flexible working is affecting their life style and performance. The questionnaires will give to 40-50 people in McDonald. They will not require replying immediately. However, discrete and careful monitoring will be carry out to make sure that the respondent answers all the questions. Data Analysis To analyze the qualitative data power computer software (CADAS) like NVivo ATLAS will be used. These are easy available in the market and in some universities as well. It is no longer necessary to undertake routine qualitative data management tasks manually such as sorting the data into categories and location subsets of these data according to specified criteria. (Saunders; 2007) LIMITATION OF STUDY Since flexible working motivates and improves performance of the employees, all the organisations are adopting flexible working system. All organisations are being encouraged by the UK Government to adopt flexible working practices due to many advantages which include cross culture diversity, reduce absenteeism and high turnover. As the research is being conducted in the UK and flexible working practices can differ across the branches in different localities in the UK. The future research could be carried to find out to what extent the other branches of the organisations is practicing the flexible working system. ETHICAL ISSUES, CONSENT AND ACCESS Ethical considerations are crucial in the data collection and handling process (Saunders et al; 2007). I will make sure that I abide by all the ethical rules and regulations while carrying out my research work. I will make sure that my interviewees know the purpose of the research and all the data will be kept confidential. One of the branches of McDonalds has already been informed. Researcher will also make sure the responses of the respondent are kept confidential and do not get in the hands of any other unauthorized person. The research will seeks to be fair, consistent and accurate in all aspects. Research planning Gant chart of the planning

Medea Critical Lens Essay --

The play Medea, written by Euripides is a certain classic of the Greek era. The plot revolves around a woman who is divorced by her husband for another woman, Glauce, daughter of King Creon of Corinth and power. This causes her to become enraged and set on vengeance. In the play she states, â€Å"The glory of one’s life is to be generous with one’s friends and merciless with one’s enemies.† She then goes on to destroy those around her, and to further destroy the semblance of a life she had. This statement hold truth, and is relative to the Golden Rule that states, â€Å"One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself.† Medea is saying that one should do good for their friends and should treat their enemies as one would be expected to be treated: without mercy. This is shown in King Creon of Corinth’s actions towards the other characters in the play, as well as in the actions of To Kill a Mockingbird’s Arthur Radley. K ing Creon and Arthur Radley both show a lack of mercy towards their enemies and show kindness towards their family and/or acquaintances. King Creon is introdu...

Disadvantages Of The Clil Methodology Education Essay

Content and Language Integrated Learning ( CLIL ) is â€Å" an advanced attack to acquisition, a dynamic and actuating force with holistic characteristics † ( Paresi et al. 2001: 77 ) . This method of larning the content of capable through a foreign linguistic communication has been acclaimed worldwide as a pedagogical tool of supplying scholars with a particular learn-promoting atmosphere. Although surveies conducted in CLIL schoolrooms have demonstrated legion positive effects on linguistic communication competencies and attitude, there are still certain accomplishments which can non be developed every bit successfully as in traditional schoolrooms. First of wholly, this concerns productive accomplishments which are fostered less efficaciously in CLIL categories. Therefore, extra schemes are much needed in order to hike both unwritten and written accomplishments. One of such suited techniques is concerted acquisition ( CL ) , which gives scholars an chance to work with their equals and, what is even more of import, motivates them. Integrating CL into CLIL may assist ease overall linguistic communication proficiency and make a high degree of larning motive. This paper will analyze how pupils may be motivated in CLIL categories by implementing CL. The intent of the survey is to demo how CLIL enriched by CL can make a motivation acquisition environment. The first subdivision of the paper is an debut, which is followed by an overview of the research conducted on CLIL in Europe. Section 3 trades with the drawbacks of the CLIL attack and Section 4 is devoted to CL, which is divided into three subdivisions. First subdivision gives an overview of CL research done in Europe. The following subdivision defines CL as a term and the undermentioned subdivision investigates the specialnesss of CL organisation of the acquisition. Section 5 discusses how a blend of CLIL and CL can lend to making actuating category atmosphere. The concluding subdivision will pull a decision approximately CL as one of the most utile techniques to increase pupils ‘ motive to larn linguistic communication.2. CLIL research in EuropeAs already stated in the debut, this subdivision deals with research surveies carried out in European states and points out chief treatments refering CLIL as a instruction method, viz. its influence on lingual and cognitive competenci es of scholars. Before lucubrating on CLIL research, it should be noted that there is â€Å" still a well-documented dearth of research in this country † ( Perez- Canado 2011: 315 ) . CLIL is a particular method of â€Å" instruction and larning through a foreign linguistic communication † ( March 2002: 54 ) , which has been widely acknowledged across Europe. This attack of incorporating content and linguistic communication in the schoolroom has gained an increasing popularity in European states in the 1990s when greater degrees of foreign linguistic communication proficiency and new signifiers of bilingual instruction were needed due to socio-economic integrating and globalisation. Being introduced and developed by Council of Europe in 1996, CLIL attack was later underpinned by a series of schoolroom based surveies which provided grounds for its advantages. Overall, research work carried out on CLIL affirms that â€Å" it is safe and promising manner of learning both for foreign ling uistic communication and a content topic † ( Gregorczyk 2012: 10 ) . Findingss have showed that CLIL has positive impact non merely on content acquisition ( californium. Serra 2007 ; Deller & A ; Price 2007 ; Seikkula-Leino 2007 ; Vollmer 2008 ; Jappinen 2006 ) , but besides on L1 and L2 competencies ( californium. Masih 1999 ; Lorenzo, Casal & A ; Moore 2009 ; Coyle, Hood & A ; March 2010 ) . Besides, there are some research workers who emphasize the ability of CLIL to better content and linguistic communication competencies and who strongly believe in the importance of the CLIL methodological analysis ( californium. Mehisto & A ; March 2008 ) .3. Disadvantages of the CLIL methodological analysisDespite the presented potency of CLIL undertaking, several disadvantages of the content-based linguistic communication instruction were observed and investigated by different bookmans and learning experts. These surveies have demonstrated that particularly productive accomplishments a re less boosted in CLIL schoolrooms and are achieved at well lower degrees of public presentation than receptive accomplishments. This means that both speech production and composing accomplishments are reported to be negatively affected in content-based contexts. Particularly unwritten production of scholars is likely to neglect to be successfully developed and improved in CLIL categories ( Perez- Canado 2011: 317 ) . Although some research workers argue that good synergistic accomplishments can be acquired in content-based schoolrooms ( Moore 2011: 533 ) , Casal ( 2006: 1 ) points out that scholars have few chances to pass on with each other which may hold a negative impact non merely on unwritten but besides on written production. Furthermore, it is indispensable to concentrate much more attending on composing in content-based categories in order to go more positive results ( Dulton-Puffer 2007: 36 ) . Apart from the inquiries of negatively affected lingual competencies raised by assorted research workers, other bookmans were concentrated on issues associated with linguistic communication development ( californium. Dalton-Puffer 2007 ; Merisuo-Storm 2007 ) . However, merely few surveies are concerned with scholars ‘ attitudes or perceptual experiences ( californium. Hunt 2011 ) . Since this paper is focused on CL as an effectual instruction tool for actuating scholars in CLIL categories, the research done on CL will be briefly discussed in the first subdivision of the following subdivision devoted to CL.4. Concerted acquisition.4.1. Overview of European surveies on CLThough the term concerted acquisition was coined in the USA in the 1940s, most research has been undertaken merely during the last 30 old ages and has done much to progress theoreticians and instructors ‘ cognition of cooperation instruction. By looking at CL research outside the USA, there are merely few E uropean states in which thorough and cardinal surveies on CL have been conducted, viz. in Italy by Lopriore ( 1999 ) and Spain by Lobato Fraile ( 1998 ) , Rodriguez Tunas and Morales Urgel ( 1998 ) , Casal ( 2005 ) , every bit good as in the Netherlands by Van Oudenhoven, Van Berkum and Swen-Koopmans ( 1987 ) . More research on CL is surely needed in Europe, which could put peculiar emphasis on the benefits of the incorporation of CL into CLIL categories, because this might heighten CLIL greatly.4.2. Definition of concerted acquisitionCL promotes better scholar ‘s accomplishment than traditional acquisition attacks ( Slavin 1984: 256 ) . CL is known for its utile and effectual instructional value in linguistic communication acquisition and in instruction in general. There exists a big assortment of definitions of CL which depend on the theoretical attack behind this term. For Olsen & A ; Kagan ( 1992: 8 ) CL is a group larning pattern with a particular construction, where larn ing depends on â€Å" the socially structured exchange of information † between pupils who are responsible non merely for their ain results and advancement but besides for those of their equals. Similar to Olsen & A ; Kagan ( 1992 ) Johnson & A ; Johnson ( 1981: 446 ) position CL as a method of set uping â€Å" little groups so that pupils work together to maximise their ain and each other ‘s acquisition † . However, there are several broader definitions of CL, for illustration, one that is given by Jacobs, Power & A ; Loh ( 2002: A 1 ) who define CL as â€Å" rules and techniques for assisting pupils work together more efficaciously † . Another generalisation of the term CL can be found in the surveies by Damon & A ; Phelps ( 1989: 136 ) where research workers postulate CL as an overarching impression consisting â€Å" a scope of team-based acquisition attacks † . Overall, the definition of CL varies harmonizing to the facet of larning which is of primary importance for a peculiar theoretician. In this paper CL is regarded as an effectual pedagogical tool for bettering productive accomplishments in CLIL categories and for actuating linguistic communication scholars, and therefore, peculiar attending is drawn to both academic accomplishment and societal relationships, which may be enhanced in a concerted environment. The accentuation of these benefits of CL can besides be explained by the fact that scholars in a concerted scene follow the purpose of the group and seek to assist each other in larning which serves as a motivation force for their preparedness to inform and help their equals ( Gillies & A ; Boyle 2010: 933 ) .4.3. Organization of larning in concerted schoolroomsThe predating treatment has demonstrated non merely the assortment of definitions of the term CL, but besides has highlighted the advantages of this effectual group larning technique. This subdivision will show the bing methods of forming of the acquisition procedure in concerted schoolrooms to demo the effectivity of CL for CLIL attack. There are several schemes of set uping larning in concerted schoolrooms, which is based on different attacks such as Leaning Together ( californium. Johnson & A ; Johnson 1981 ; Johnson, Johnson & A ; Holubec 1992 ) , Complex Instruction ( californium. Cohen 1994 ) , Group Investigation ( californium. Sharan 1994 ) , Student Team Learning ( californium. Slavin 1995 ) and Structural Approach to CL ( californium. Kagan 1994 ) . Obviously, certain similarities and differences can be found among them, nevertheless, and they are all underpinned by the basic rules of CL, viz. , positive mutuality and single answerability. At this point it should be stated that it is non merely the execution of CL attack into CLIL contexts which is important but besides the effectual and decently designed group methods with their built-in rules from which CLIL may profit well. Furthermore, a immense assortment of CL techniques will do content-based categories more exciting for each scholar. ( californium. J acobs, Power, & A ; Loh 2002 ; Sharan 2010 ) . Some of them are presented by Jacobs ( 2004: 4-5 ) , e.g. Circle of Speakers, Write-Pair-Switch, Question-and-Answer Pairs, etc. Importantly, the incorporation of such group activities into CLIL â€Å" provokes pupils to endeavor † ( Brecke & A ; Jensen 2007: 57 ) .5. Execution of CL in CLIL schoolroomsAs already discussed in the old subdivision, CL techniques may increase scholars ‘ motive. However, non merely group activities per Se motivate pupils, but it is a ‘social interaction ‘ that is so extremely of import for them, and by and large, for kids begin to larn at an early age ( Gillies & A ; Boyle 2011: 933 ) . Motivation together with exposure and usage are defined as important requirements for effectual linguistic communication acquisition ( Willis 1996: 11 ) . Therefore, supplying scholars with more societal contacts and peer interaction activities will actuate them to win and to larn. This does non inte nd that in content-based categories pupils can non interact and are non motivated. Pistorio ( 2010: 2 ) underscores that CLIL has a possible to bring forth a â€Å" socially constructed acquisition environment † . Furthermore, CLIL, being based on ‘intristic motive ‘ , gives a batch of chances to larn linguistic communication by the way ( Paresi et al. 2001: 79-80 ) . In add-on, some research worker ( e.g. Hunt ( 2011: 365 ) posit that CLIL programmes can work out the job of â€Å" alienation † in L2 across Europe ( Lorenzo, Casal & A ; Moore 2009: 12-13 ) . However, harmonizing to Seikkula-Leino ( 2007: 330 ) , linguistic communication and content incorporated into the learning environment can non be equated with success. Therefore, an luxuriant combination of indispensable characteristics of CLIL attack and CL techniques will give more positive consequences, and, at the same clip, will better scholars ‘ motive. â€Å" This integrating provides a mo tivational and cognitive footing for linguistic communication acquisition † ( Snow, Met & A ; Genesee 1989: 202 ) .6. DecisionIn decision, CLIL being applied in European schools has been developed to heighten bilingual instruction and has surely the potency for growing. In order to avoid some booby traps of the content-based acquisition, viz. negatively affected productive accomplishments, an extra instruction method – CL – has been suggested. In this paper, CL techniques with their important rules were demonstrated as successful pedagogical tools which may better academic accomplishment and societal interaction in a CLIL environment. Underliing the importance of societal interaction as one of the built-in conditions for successful linguistic communication acquisition, this survey has proved that CL may be efficaciously integrated into content-based schoolrooms in order to accomplish both a higher degree of motive and to hike lingual competency outcomes overall. Furthermore, since assorted CL activities force equal interaction, they can besides further talking accomplishments by actuating pupils to pass on with other. Further research in this country is needed to place other positive facets of CL, which are suited for CLIL and which may be applied efficaciously, particularly to better composing accomplishments. It will be besides indispensable to place other cooperation characteristics which may increase motive to larn linguistic communication in content-based categories. Of class, CLIL needs to continue with development and research non merely to foreground its advantages, but besides to concentrate on extra instruction techniques in order to vouch that pupils can successfully develop both their receptive and productive accomplishments in a content-based environment. The consequences of this paper show that CLIL ‘s benefits will far outweigh the disadvantages when implementing CL into CLIL.

Merits and Demerits of the Internet Essay

What are the Merits and Demerits of internet Merits †¢ Shopping: Along with getting information on the Internet, you can also shop online. There are many online stores and sites that can be used to look for products as well as buy them using your credit card. You do not need to leave your house and can do all your shopping from the convenience of your home. †¢ Online Chat: There are many ‘chat rooms’ on the web that can be accessed to meet new people, make new friends, as well as to stay in touch with old friends. more marites of internet are that we can search any thing easily . e get a lot of knowledge from internet. Demerits †¢ Pornography: This is a very serious issue concerning the Internet, especially when it comes to young children. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily found and can be a detriment to letting children use the Internet. Spamming: This refers to sending unsolicited e-mails in bulk, which serve no purpose and unnecessarily clog up the entire system. there are many more demerites of net What are the merits and demerits of electronic media? Television spreads information in an accessible format to viewers quite quickly. When an important event occurs, the audio and visual proceedings of that event can be broadcast in order to inform viewers of the event. This of course requires the proper technicians, reporters/journalists/broadcasters/etc. , equipment, timing, and infrastructure that work behind (and in front of) the scenes to bring a programme to the viewers. When information is presented, such as a political party’s platform, television can be quite useful to a viewer. Of course, a fundamental problem arises when a company needs to hire and maintain the infrastructure needed to perform the television service: they need money! Unfortunately for television, there are numerous other sources where one may obtain information (the internet, newspapers, radio, word-of-mouth) and therefore television must find methods of attaining and maintaining viewership. [Of course, viewership allows the company to provide an advertisement space that is very lucrative for other companies. ] These methods may include: †¢ Quick reporting – the fastest person wins, sort of thing. This tends to be inaccurate and speculative in nature, but does provide instant viewership. †¢ Sensationalism – attention-grabbing, controversial programming. Tends to focus on wild or shocking stories rather than â€Å"boring† (although possibly more important) issues. I could go on, but that’s a good place to start. When I say TV, I immediately think entertainment. Therefore it may have started purely as an entertainment method. We will never know 🙂 However, with the current events these days, network/TV bias is playing a large role in politics among other things. Something else you could look into.

3-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube for Li-Ion Battery Anode

3 Dimensional Carbon Nanotube for Li-Ion Battery Anode (Journal of Power Sources 219 (2012) 364-370) Chiwon Kang1†¡, Indranil Lahiri1†¡, Rangasamy Baskaran2, Won-Gi Kim2, Yang-Kook Sun2, Wonbong Choi1, 3* Nanomaterials and Device Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University; 10555 West Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA 2Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University; 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas; North Texas Discovery Park 3940 North Elm St. Suite E-132, Denton, TX 76207, USACorresponding Author *Email: [email  protected] edu Author Contributions †¡These authors contributed equally. Abstract Carbon nanotubes, in different forms and architectures, have demonstrated good promise as electrode material for Li-ion batteries, owing to large surface area, shorter Li-conduction distance and high electrical conductiv ity. However, practical application of such Li-ion batteries demands higher volumetric capacity, which is otherwise low for most nanomaterials, used as electrodes.In order to address this urgent issue, we have developed a novel 3-dimensional (3D) anode, based on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), for Li-ion batteries. The unique 3D design of the electrode allowed much higher solid loading of active anode material, MWCNTs in this case and resulted in more amount of Li+ ion intake in comparison to those of conventional 2D Cu current collector. Though one such 3D anode was demonstrated to offer 50% higher capacity, compared to its 2D counterpart, its ability to deliver much higher capacity, by geometrical modification, is presented.Furthermore, deposition of amorphous Si (a-Si) layer on the 3D electrode (a-Si/MWCNTs hybrid structure) offered enhancement in electrochemical response. Correlation between electrochemical performances and structural properties of the 3D anodes highlights the possible charge transfer mechanism. Graphical abstract Keywords Li-ion batteries, carbon nanotubes, 3D Cu current collector, anode materials, amorphous Si, a-Si/MWCNTs composite 1. IntroductionLi-ion batteries (LIB) has been widely used as one of the most important energy storage devices in diverse applications such as green electric vehicles (EV), portable electronics and power tools, since it is commercialized by Sony in 1991 [1]. The commercial cell is assembled by carbonaceous anode, separator and a Li containing layered structure cathode (e. g. LiCoO2). In terms of carbonaceous anodes, graphite and soft or poorly ordered carbons (e. g. mesocarbon microbeads or spherical graphite, microcarbon fiber) have been employed.The reasons behind their commercial prominence contain the relatively low cost of carbon, the excellent mechanical sustainability for lithium insertion and desertion (having minimum volume change ) and their formation of a protective surface film with many elec trolytes [2-4]. Nevertheless, fully intercalated highly crystalline graphites have relatively lower specific capacity (372 mAhg-1, the stoichiometric formulae of LiC6) and cannot meet the demands of next generation LIB with respect to high specific capacity and volumetric capacity. To address these issues, other elemental compounds have been explored such as Al, Si, Ge and Sn [5].Among those elements, Si is known to have highest theoretical specific capacity (4,200 mAhg-1), however huge volume expansion/contraction (300–400%) during lithiation/delithiation brings about pulverization, resulting in capacity fading in a high number of cycles. To overcome such inherit limitations of bulk electrode materials, worldwide research groups have intensively focused on novel and suitable nanomaterials such as silicon nanotubes [6], silicon nanowires [7], nano sized transitional metal oxides [8-10], graphene [11] and carbon nanotubes 12-14]. Out of the many nanomaterials available, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great attention for anode materials due to their high surface area, short diffusion length of Li+ ions and high electrical conductivity [15]. Past researches including from our group have demonstrated outstanding performance of MWCNT based binder-free anodes in terms of high specific capacity, excellent rate capability and extremely or nil capacity degradation during long cycle operation [16-17].However, carbon nano materials are known as low-density materials, which results in low volumetric capacity and low volumetric energy/power density. Therefore higher solid loading of MWCNTs as active materials is one of the most significant issues to be realized in practice. Very recently, it argued that nanotube based active materials have a critical shortcoming in terms of their very low weight per unit electrode area [18].Thus, their gravimetric energy density may not give a realistic picture to commercial application. The critical limitation may lead to s cale-up issues for their potential application in the development of EV. To counter this issue, we propose a new geometry of 3D Cu current collectors, which can play a crucial role in creating higher surface area to accommodate more solid loading of MWCNTs on the uniformly arrayed patterns in the 3D structure, leading to higher specific capacity and C-rate capability.Until now, efforts have been dedicated to employ a number of 3D structured current collectors including carbon papers [19], a self-assembled 3D bicontinuous nanoarchitecture [20], aluminum nanorods [21], and nanoporous nickel [22]. The previous research proved that a self-assembled 3D bicontinuous nanoarchitecture could be one of the ideal electrode architectures in order to realize not only high volume fraction of nanostructured electrolytically active materials (NiOOH/Nickel and MnO2 cathodes) but also their efficient ion and electron transport [20].In addition, ALD coated TiO2 anodes on 3D aluminum nanorod current co llectors showed the 10 times increase in their theoretical area and total capacity (0. 0112 mAhcm-2), compared to those resulted from the same anodes on 2D flat aluminum plate and high rate capability (the capacity ratios at 10 C/0. 5 C and 20 C/0. 5 C of the 3D anode were 0. 4 and 0. 35, respectively. ) [21]. Currently, the diverse types of hybrid anode structures have been designed and synthesized in order to expect the synergetic combination of two different types of nanomaterials for the igher electrochemical performances. As one of the most preferable combinations, MWCNTs/Si hybrid structure can be chosen due to the better mechanical accommodation of MWCNTs of the large volume expansion/constriction of Si during lithiation/delithiation process and the higher bonding strength between MWCNTs and Si. There were some selected reports on MWCNTs/Si composite structures, employing either SiH4 CVD method [23] or sputter deposition [24]. In this study, we present a novel concept 3D anod e system, comprising of MWCNTs directly grown on 3D Cu mesh using catalytic thermal CVD method [25].Electrochemical performances of this 3D anode structure are compared with those of MWCNTs directly grown on 2D Cu foil. Furthermore, enhanced electrochemical properties of a-Si/MWCNTs hybrid structure, synthesized on 3D Cu mesh using a two step process of CVD and sputtering deposition, are presented. Morphology and structure of as-grown MWCNTs and a-Si/MWCNTs hybrid anode structures and their role in the electrochemical performance are discussed. 2. Experimental A Cu mesh (TWP Inc. with average dimensions of 50  µm thickness and 65  µm hole size was prepared. In parallel, a 50  µm thick pure Cu foil (Nimrod Hall Copper, 99. 9% purity) was also employed. Both types of samples were used as substrates for depositing Ti (underlayer)/Ni (catalyst) thin film through a RF and DC magnetron sputtering system. These Ti/Ni thin film deposited samples were cut to 14 mm diameter disc shape f or 2032 button cell assembly, before inserting into a thermal CVD system for direct MWCNT growth.During CVD, samples were heated very rapidly, under an inert Ar gas environment, to the growth temperature of 750 °C, and MWCNT growth began with flow of a mixture of ethylene (C2H4) and hydrogen (H2) gas (1:2 volume ratio) in the chamber. After 50 minutes of growth, the samples were cooled to room temperature within the furnace under an Ar gas envelope. Amorphous Si (a-Si) was deposited further on the as-grown MWCNT samples using the sputtering system with the incorporation of Ti adhesion layer in order to enhance bonding strength between a-Si and MWCNTs.Weights of samples were measured before and after CVD growth to exactly identify weights of the active materials (i. e. MWCNTs and a-Si thin layer). Morphology and structural properties of the prepared anode structures were carefully investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopes (FESEM) (JEOL, JSM-7000F), an energy d ispersive spectroscope (EDS) (Thermo Electron Corporation, NORAN System SIX), a Raman spectrometer (Ar+ laser with ? = 514 nm, 33 mW power) and a field emission transmission electron microscope (FETEM) (FEI, TECHNAI F20).Electrochemical performance for these anodic materials was conducted in a typical coin cell (half cell). The cells were assembled in a CR2032 press. The complete cell assembly was carried out in an argon glovebox under extremely low levels of oxygen and humidity (both individually